Theories of national construction (primitive, ethnic, and modern since the year 1492). the transition from the “existence by force” of people to the state of “actual existence” of nationalisms within the framework of the nation-state since the eighteenth century, taking into account the prevailing current in the study of the history of human societies, ordered in stages: the plow - the sword - the pen. Further, the impact of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the colonial divisions of the Arab region, the processes of formation of Arab nationalist intellectual and political movements as well as liberation from colonialismand the creation of Arab states. Various typologies of nationalisms are investigated including Arab nationalism, Palestinian nationalism, and other forms of expression of loyalty and belonging. Identity policies and its impact on political, cultural, social, and economic transformations within social formations with a focus on the Arab region, while also accounting for the effects of globalization and emergent imageries of identities.
