Linearization, discretization, difference equations. Heterogeneous systems, linear shift- invariant systems, discrete systems time domain representation, z-domain, and spectral representation. Discrete systems state space representation, controllability and observability of states. Discrete systems synthesis, system realization with digital components, microcontrollers, and FPGA’s. Discrete systems stability, Jury’s test. Discrete controller design (P, PI, PD, and PID). State- space design approach in control and communication, state-feedback controller design, state-observer design. Case Studies in communication and control engineering.
