The origin of the term and the relationship between Jewish religion and Zionism. The “Jewish Question” and the roots of Zionism in the second half of the 19th c. (the Enlightenment and the problem of assimilation, Zionism and European colonialism, anti-Semitism). Introducing the development of the idea and its early ideologues (Zvi Hirsch Kalischer, Juda Alkalai, Moshe Hess, Lovers of Zion, Leo Pinsker, Theodore Herzl). Different factions of Zionism and its programs (Practical Zionism, Political Zionism, Cultural Zionism, Socialism, Revisionism, Religious Zionism). Jewish Anti-Zionism (secular and religious). Zionism conferences. Zionist organizational structures. Transformations after the establishment of Israel.
