Conditions and circumstances that contributed to the development of architecture and urbanism in the Arab World, influences and transformations accompanied by the modernizing attempts in the late Ottoman Empire, the colonial expansion in the region, the development of new technologies and materials, planning, multi-national corporations, emergence of new socioeconomic needs, post-colonial and post-independence challenges in shaping and reshaping the Modern Arab-Islamic Identity and its impact on the built environment. (Lectures 2 hours)
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