Introduction to educational research, focusing on qualitative research, comparison between the Qn and Ql approaches. The Ql approach paradigms and context, planning and designing, with identifying the research characteristics ( Sample/ participants, validity and reliability , methodologies ( natural, ethnographic, documents, self and case studies), data collection strategies ( interviews, focus groups, content analysis, document and discourse analysis… etc.) ,and data analysis using coding and grounded theory accompanied with writing the research report / proposal.
